Here you will find descriptions of a range of terms, events, themes and institutions featured on the website.
IKL
Inspection of the concentration camps
| In 1934, Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler appointed the former commandant of Dachau concentration camp, Theodor Eicke, as inspector of the concentration camps. A few months later, the authority of the same name was formed (IKL). This institution was responsible for overseeing the management and guarding of 32 main camps and became the central authority of concentration camp terror: in regular meetings, the IKL coordinated the daily operations of the camps, including the crimes committed against prisoners. |
The SS (»Schutzstaffel«) under the leadership of Heinrich Himmler was envisioned as an elite paramilitary organisation of the National Socialist state. With Himmler’s takeover and reorganisation of the police, the SS became the regime’s central instrument of terror. In 1934, it was given control over all concentration camps. The Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), formed in 1939 as the planning centre for crimes in German-occupied Europe, was subordinated to it.
Inspection of the concentration camps
| In 1934, Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler appointed the former commandant of Dachau concentration camp, Theodor Eicke, as inspector of the concentration camps. A few months later, the authority of the same name was formed (IKL). This institution was responsible for overseeing the management and guarding of 32 main camps and became the central authority of concentration camp terror: in regular meetings, the IKL coordinated the daily operations of the camps, including the crimes committed against prisoners. |
Inspection of the concentration camps (IKL)
In 1934, Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler appointed the former commandant of Dachau concentration camp, Theodor Eicke, as inspector of the concentration camps. A few months later, the authority of the same name was formed (IKL). This institution was responsible for overseeing the management and guarding of 32 main camps and became the central authority of concentration camp terror: in regular meetings, the IKL coordinated the daily operations of the camps, including the crimes committed against prisoners.
The SS (»Schutzstaffel«) under the leadership of Heinrich Himmler was envisioned as an elite paramilitary organisation of the National Socialist state. With Himmler’s takeover and reorganisation of the police, the SS became the regime’s central instrument of terror. In 1934, it was given control over all concentration camps. The Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), formed in 1939 as the planning centre for crimes in German-occupied Europe, was subordinated to it.
Inspection of the concentration camps
| In 1934, Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler appointed the former commandant of Dachau concentration camp, Theodor Eicke, as inspector of the concentration camps. A few months later, the authority of the same name was formed (IKL). This institution was responsible for overseeing the management and guarding of 32 main camps and became the central authority of concentration camp terror: in regular meetings, the IKL coordinated the daily operations of the camps, including the crimes committed against prisoners. |
Institution for the physically and mentally disabled (»Heil- und Pflegeanstalt«)
Under National Socialism, people with physical, mental or psychiatric disorders or illnesses, but also alcoholics, homosexuals and people displaying antisocial behaviour were confined in institutions known as »Heil- und Pflegeanstalten« (literally »healing and nursing institutions«), an outdated term for a psychiatric institution. Between 1940 and 1945 more than 250,000 people were murdered in such institutions in the German Reich.